![]() |
Astronomy |
Teaching and Public Outreach | Papers, Talks, etc. |
January 7, 2017: The Universe Going Green--AAS Press Release
Galaxies in their first stages of evolution are turning their gas
into stars at high rates. Much of the resulting ultraviolet luminosity
is absorbed by interstellar dust grains, and re-emitted in the infrared
(see Dr. Malkan's reviews in
astro-ph/9810055 and
astro-ph/0110357).
A large telescope can detect extremely distant galaxies at high redshifts.
Due to the finite speed of light, it acts as a "time machine" to allow us
to study galaxy formation when the Universe was much younger than today--
only a few billion years after the Big Bang.
Dr. Malkan is using infrared array detectors at Lick and Keck
Observatories to discover and study galaxies in their first stages of
evolution. He was the first to use narrow-band imaging to detect
emission-line galaxies at high redshifts (1995 ApJ 448, L5; 1996 ApJ 486, L9).
The strongest emission lines from star-forming regions, which are redshifted into
the near-infrared are Halpha (1999 ApJ 520, 469) and [O III] (1999 ApJ 514, 33).
The near-infrared search for distant young galaxies has also been
successfully extended to a Grism Parallel Survey with the NICMOS infrared
camera on the Hubble Space Telescope (1999 ApJ 520, 548; 1999 ApJ 519, L47).
The successful 4th Reservicing Mission to Hubble has installed a new
camera, WFC-3, which can do this same Grism Parallel Survey in the infrared
20 times faster than NICMOS could.
We are now using WFC-3 for a 500-orbit survey called WISP:
WISP Survey Page, including Reduced Data Release
One of the most efficient ways to study cosmic evolution is by obtaining
very intensive multi-wavelength data on a 'Deep Field'. The Subaru Deep Field
has been studied in great depth by Malkan and his (mainly Japanese) collaborators. There is a really cool visual summary of the incredibly sensitive optical imaging data they have for SDF: Subaru Deep Field 'Skywalker'.
The integrated infrared emission from all of these young star-forming galaxies
produces a Diffuse Infrared Background which was calculated by Malkan and
Stecker (1998, ApJ 496, 13) and is now being confirmed experimentally by
analysis of data from NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (see Malkan
and Stecker 2001, ApJ 555, 641).
Malkan and collaborators are studying the multiwavelength properties of
the brightest and most complete sample of nearby active galaxies--the 900
members of the 12Micron Galaxy survey (e.g. 1996 ApJ 471, 190). This
unbiased sample includes many dusty galaxies with high rates of current star
formation, such as M 82, which are best studied with new infrared telescopes
such as the Infrared Space Observatory (1999 ApJ, 511, 721), and ground-based
infrared spectrographs (1997 ApJ 481, 186). It also includes
large numbers of Seyfert galaxies which harbor "active" nuclei that are
powered by non-stellar central engines, presumed to be accreting massive
black holes.
Malkan is using high-resolution imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope to
analyze the properties of the galaxies which host the various types of active
nuclei. One result is that these data do NOT support the popular model that
the principal properties of the active galactic nuclei are determined by the
orientation of a compact hypothetical thick torus which surrounds and is aligned
with the accreting black hole (1998 ApJ Suppl, 117, 25).
One of these images appeared as the
Astronomy Picture of the Day.
A small sampler of the Space Telescope images from this survey can be
found at:
www.astr.ua.edu/keel/agn/synuclei.html
along with informative notes about active galactic nuclei.
With Leslie Hunt (Arcetri), Malkan has been finding large-scale features
in the host galaxies which evidently support nuclear star formation or
nonstellar activity (2004 ApJ 616, 707; 2000 ApJSuppl, 1999 ApJ 510, 637; 1999 ApJ 516, 660).
As one of the founding principal investigators of the International
AGNWatch, Malkan has continued to work on studies of emission line and
continuum variability of AGN (e.g. 2000 ApJ, 540, 652; 1998 ApJ 509, 163).
One result of this
work is the first reliable measurements of the size of the line-emitting
region through the method of Reverberation Mapping. These sizes can be
used to make estimates of the mass of the central black hole (2004 ApJ 613, 682;
1999 ApJ 526, 579).
Also, by measuring the correlations of continuum variability in different
wavebands, Malkan and collaborators have been deducing the physical
emission mechanisms which produce the enormous luminosities in AGN and
quasars, and their connection to each other (1998 ApJ 505, 594).
With UCLA Hubble Fellow Tomasso Treu and Roger Blandford, he has been
studying the cosmic evolution of the relations between the central black
hole and its host galaxy (2004 ApJ 615 L97).
Published Data, On-line here:
NICMOS Parallel Survey:
info about our deep near-infrared sky
survey with the Hubble Space Telescope
Near-infrared stellar spectra:
Click here for a complete directory of the 105 J-band spectra, divided at 1.15um
named by Bright Star or HD number
Malkan, M.A. and Stecker, F.W. 2001, ApJ 555, 641.
An Empirically Based Model for Predicting Infrared Luminosity Functions,
Deep Infrared Galaxy Counts and the Diffuse Infrared Background
Selected Publications
Misty Bentz, Malkan and many others 2008, Astrophysical Journal, 689, L21
"First Results from the Lick AGN Monitoring Project: The Mass of the Black Hole in Arp 151 "
Henry, Malkan, Colbert, Sianna, Teplitz and McCarthy 2008, Astrophysical Journal, 680, 97
"A Lyman Break Galaxy Candidate at z~9"
Woo, Treu, Malkan, and Blandford 2008, Astrophysical Journal, 681, 925
"Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. III. The M-sigma relation in the last six billion years"
Tommasin, Spinoglio,Malkan, Smith, Gonzalez-Alfonso, Charmandaris 2008, Astrophysical Journal, 676, 836
"Spitzer-IRS high resolution spectroscopy of the 12\mu m Seyfert galaxies: I. First results "
Hicks and Malkan 2008, Astrophysical Journal Supp., 174, 31
"Circumnuclear Gas in Seyfert 1 Galaxies: Morphology, Kinematics, and Direct Measurement of Black Hole Masses"
Ly, Malkan, et al 2007, Astrophysical Journal, 657, 738
"The Luminosity Function and Star Formation Rate between Redshifts of 0.07 and 1.47 for Narrow-band Emitters in the Subaru Deep Field "
Kashikawa, Shimasaku, Malkan, et al 2006, Astrophysical Journal, 648, 7
"The End of the Reionization Epoch Probed by Ly-alpha Emitters at z=6.5 in the Subaru Deep Field"
Colbert, Malkan, et al 2006, Astrophysical Journal, 638, 603
"The Bright Ages Survey. I. Imaging Data"
Stecker, Malkan, Scully 2006, Astrophysical Journal, 648, 774
"Intergalactic Photon Spectra from the Far IR to the UV Lyman Limit for $0 < z < 6$ and the Optical Depth of the Universe to High Energy Gamma-Rays"
Nagao, Kashikawa, Malkan, et al 2005, Astrophysical Journal, 634, 132
"Spectroscopy of i-Dropout Galaxies with an NB921-Band Depression in the Subaru Deep Field"
Spinoglio, Malkan, et al 2005, Astrophysical Journal, 623, 123
"The far-infrared emission line and continuum spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 "
Colbert, Teplitz, Yan, Malkan and McCarthy 2005, Astrophysical Journal, 621, 587
"Near-Infrared Properties of Faint X-rays Sources from NICMOS Imaging in the Chandra Deep Fields "
Hunt and Malkan 2004, Astrophysical Journal, 616, 707
"Circumnuclear Structure and Black Hole Fueling: Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Imaging of 250 Active and Normal Galaxies"
Teplitz, Harry, Malkan, Matthew, and
McLean, Ian 2004, Astrophysical Journal, 608, 36
"The Counterarc to MS 1512-cB58 and a Companion Galaxy"
Malkan, Webb and Konopacky 2003, Astrophysical Journal, 598, 878
"A Hubble Space Telescope Search for Lyman Continuum Emission from Galaxies at 1.1 < z < 1.4"
Hicks, Malkan, Teplitz, McCarthy and Yan 2002, Astrophysical Journal, 581, 205
"Star Formation in Emission-Line Galaxies between Redshifts of 0.8 and 1.6"
Malkan, et al. 2002, Astrophysical Journal Supplement 142, 79
1--1.4Micron Spectral Atlas of Stars
Malkan, M. A. 19 Feb. 2002 Invited Review Talk at OWL Workshop
"Observations and Models of the IR Background"
Luigi Spinoglio, Paola Andreani, Malkan, M.A., 2002 Astrophysical Journal, 572, 105
The far-infrared energy distributions of Seyfert and starburst galaxies in the
Local
Universe: ISO photometry of the 12 micron active galaxy sample
James W. Colbert and Matthew A. Malkan, 2002 Astrophysical Journal,566, 51
NICMOS Snapshot Survey of Damped Lyman Alpha Quasars
Malkan, M.A. and Stecker, F.W. 2001, ApJ 555, 641.
An Empirically Based Model for Predicting Infrared Luminosity Functions,
Deep Infrared Galaxy Counts and the Diffuse Infrared Background
Vaughan, S.; Edelson, R.; Warwick, R. S.; Malkan, M. A.; Goad, M. R. 2001, MNRAS 327, 673.
A complete sample of Seyfert galaxies selected at 0.25 keV
Malkan, M.A., 2000, in "Birth and Evolution of the Universe",
Proceedings of Fourth RESCEU International Symposium,
eds. K. Sato and M. Kawasaki (Universal Academy Press; Tokyo), p. 119.
Our Second Look at the Immature Universe: The Infrared View
Hasegawa, Takashi; Wakamatsu, Ken-ichi; Malkan, Matthew; Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro; Menzies, John W.;
Parker, Quentin A.; Jugaku, Jun; Karoji, Hiroshi; Okamura, Sadanori 2000, MNRAS 316, 326.
Large-scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region
Webb, Wayne; Malkan, Matthew 2000, ApJ 540, 652.
Rapid Optical Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars
Sugai, H.. Malkan, M. A., 2000, ApJ 529, 219.
Mid-Infrared ISO Spectroscopy of the
Prototypical LINER NGC 1052: Shocks Reconsidered
Teplitz, H., Malkan, M., McLean, I., 1999, ApJ 514, 33.
A Narrowband Imaging Search for [O III] Emission from Galaxies at z > 3
Wandel, A., Peterson, B.M., Malkan, M.A. 1999, ApJ, 526, 579.
Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei.
I. Comparing the Photoionization and Reverberation Techniques
Malkan, M., Gorjian, V., Tam, R., 1998, ApJS, 117, 25.
A Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Survey of Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei
Malkan, M.A., 1998 ASP Proceedings of "Astrophysics with Infrared Arrays: A Prelude to SIRTF"
Review: Understanding Galaxy Formation and Evolution with Long Wavelength Observations
Malkan, M.A., 1998, Laboratory Space Science Workshop, held at Harvard-Smithosonian Center for Astrophysics
Improved Atomic Physics Parameters for Modelling Gas in Galaxies
Textbooks:
Zuckerman, B., and Malkan, M.A., 1996, Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
"The Origin and Evolution of the Universe"
B.A., Astrophysics, Harvard, 1977.
M.A., Physics, Harvard, 1977.
C.P.G.S., Cambridge University, 1978.
Ph.D., Astronomy, Caltech, 1983.
AMC-FUMEC Distinguished Visiting Professor, 2009 (Academia Mexicana de Ciencias)
Recent PR:
Newsweek's
August 2006 Cover Story on Pluto
Do readers really care about my emails?
L.A.Times-UPI May 2009 story on Final Hubble Repair
I THOUGHT I said 40 times improvement, but I guess a little puffery
to promote a good cause is OK UPI Story repeats the inflated claim see National Geographic October 1999 for Kathy Sawyer's account of
a crazy night at the Keck Telescope Astro-archaeology
from Space.com -- March 12, 2002 "ABC" Inter
viewtranscript of Robyn Williams' broadcast on March 23, 2002
Story from Space.com, includes "Milky Way Baby Pictures" -- March 12, 2002 Hercules Deep Field
from Astronomy.com -- January 13, 2002 Press release from AAS meeting Madison,
Wisconsin -- June 10, 1996
Press Release on our collaboration with Ohio State Astronomer Brad Peterson
June 1999 description of our program to measure giant black hole masses in Activ
e Galactic Nuclei
Story from UCLA Today, Team Teaching the General Education Cosmos Cluster, GE 70 -- November, 1998
Full story, in French
Hubble Space Telescope image comes in handy for a Supernova discovery, from Quebec Nice story in UCLA Today
Exploring Your Universe is an even bigger hit in 2011 . . . . . . . . And of course Lessons Learned from Peter Matt's
Weekend on CVN-68, USS Nimitz
Current Research:
My Research Goals
My research at UCLA has focused on the two primary sources of energy in the Universe since the Big
Bang: fusion power in stars and accretion power from massive black holes. While
there is still
considerable uncertainty in the energy production in the current Universe, the ultimate goal is to trace
the cosmic history of these power sources all the way back to their beginnings.
The galaxies of most
interest thus appear small and faint, and have their emission redshifted to much
longer wavelengths
than they were initially produced. Furthermore, much of their energy is released in dusty
environments. The combination of large redshifts and dust reddenings means that
the major problems
in observational cosmology must be addressed with a broad multiwavelength suite
of observations,
which includes sensitive measurements at long wavelengths, where dust absorption
is minimized.
Galaxy Formation and Evolution in the Young Universe
The Wide-Field-Camera-3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels: WISP
May 11, 2009: NASA Reservices Hubble-excellent LA Times article
With the magnification benefit of gravitational lensing, even smaller
fainter young galaxies can be studied with detailed infrared spectroscopy
(2004 ApJ 608, 36).
Another application of infrared imaging to study galaxy evolution in the
young universe, in the Hercules Deep Field, is shown in the "Astronomy Picture
of the Day"
Hercules Deep Field).
Activity in Nearby Galaxies
Multiwavelength Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei
Astronomy 278: Graduate Seminar on
Observations of Galaxy Formation and Evolution
Educational Background:
On the lighter side .....
Nuclear Family Photos .....
Astronomy
Shoko's Office: PAB 3-717
Shoko's Phone: (310)825-6209
shoko@astro.ucla.edu
UCLA Astronomy Home Page
UCLA Physics Home Page
Last modified May 26, 2011