Characteristics of the Universe
static/evolving
finite/infinite
open/closed
Density parameter
critical density
matter density
luminous matter (1%)
dark matter (30%)
energy density (~70%)
Universe is evolving
Hubble diagram, v = Hd
Matter curves space
deflection of starlight by sun
Big Bang
3K Cosmic Background Radiation
ratio of H to He abundance
Anthropic Principle:
our presence (intelligence) constrains universes properties
Doppler effect
blue shift: source approaching
red shift: source receding
Heavy element synthesis
H, He created in BB
other elements in stellar fusion
Hydrodynamic equilibrium
gravity vs. pressure
negative feedback
Protostar
Main Sequence
Burns H --> He
From 50 Msun --> 0.1 Msun
Red Giant/Red Supergiant
Large envelope
Eject C, N
White Dwarf/Supernova
Radiate away energy
Eject all other elements