Lecture #3

Quantum Pressure

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Applies to electrons and neutrons

Fundamental Particles

Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, Photons, Neutrinos

Every particle has an anti-particle

Fundamental Forces

E-M, Strong, Weak, Gravity

Stars get energy from nuclear fusion

Overcome repulsive E-M force

Get above threshold energy

4 H ---> 1 He + energy + neutrinos

Lecture #4

Solar Neutrinos

Produced in the core of the sun

Detected only rarely, by expt like Super-Kamiokande

Feedback Mechanism

Positive Feedback

More input = more output

Negative Feedback

More input = less output

Stars have negative input

+ energy -> - temperature -> - output

Total energy of star = - heat energy

Lecture #5

Helium core produces Red Giants

The mirror effect

more compact core = more diffuse shell

Causes Red Giants to have huge hydrogen envelopes

Red Giant Shell Source

Fusion takes place in thin layer around inert helium core

Onion skin Red Giant

Core may heat up to fuse Helium

If central core hot enough, more fusion can occur

He -> C, N -> O -> Fe

Fe disintegration -> supernova (II)